Bioinformatics-based design of a fusion vaccine with CTLA-4 variable region to combat Brucella

Brucellosis has become a global zoonotic disease, seriously endangering the health of people all over the world. Vaccination is an effective strategy for protection against Brucella infection in livestock in developed countries. However, current vaccines are pathogenic to humans and pregnant animals, which limits their use. Therefore, it is very important to improve the safety and immune protection of Brucella vaccine. In this study, different bioinformatics approaches were carried out to predict the physicochemical properties, T/B epitope, and tertiary structure of Omp2b and Omp31. Then, these two proteins were sequentially linked, and the Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) variable region was fused to the N-terminal of the epitope sequence. In addition, molecular docking was performed to show that the structure of the fusion protein vaccine had strong affinity with B7 (B7-1, B7-2). This study showed that the designed vaccine containing CTLA-4 had high potency against Brucella, which could provide a reference for the future development of efficient brucellosis vaccines.

Overexpression of ezrin and galectin-3 as predictors of poor prognosis of cervical cancer

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of ezrin and galectin-3 expressions with prognosis in cervical cancer. The immunohistochemical method was applied to detect ezrin and galectin-3 expressions in normal cervix tissues (n=30), cervicitis tissues (n=28), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) tissues (classified as I-III, n=89), and cervical carcinoma tissues (n=84). Follow-up was conducted for 5 to 78 months to analyze the correlation of protein expressions with prognosis. Ezrin and galectin-3 expressions in cervical cancer were significantly higher than in normal cervix, cervicitis and CIN (all P<0.05), and expressions in CIN were significantly higher than in normal cervix and cervicitis (both P<0.05). The expressions of ezrin and galectin-3 were both related with histological grade, deep myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that ezrin expression was positively correlated with galectin-3 expression in cervical cancer (r=0.355, P<0.05). The survival rate of patients with high expressions of ezrin and galectin-3 was significantly lower than those with low expressions of proteins (both P<0.05). The expressions of ezrin and galectin-3, histological grade, depth of stromal invasion, and lymph node metastasis are risk factors affecting the survival rate of patients with cervical cancer. The expressions of ezrin and galectin-3 were correlated with the development of cervical cancer, and overexpressions of those proteins were indicative of poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer.

Effect of microRNA-21 on the proliferation of human degenerated nucleus pulposus by targeting programmed cell death 4

This study aims to explore the effect of microRNA-21 (miR-21) on the proliferation of human degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) by targeting programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) tumor suppressor. NP tissues were collected from 20 intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) patients, and from 5 patients with traumatic spine fracture. MiR-21 expressions were tested. NP cells from IDD patients were collected and divided into blank control group, negative control group (transfected with miR-21 negative sequences), miR-21 inhibitor group (transfected with miR-21 inhibitors), miR-21 mimics group (transfected with miR-21 mimics) and PDCD4 siRNA group (transfected with PDCD4 siRNAs). Cell growth was estimated by Cell Counting Kit-8; PDCD4, MMP-2,MMP-9 mRNA expressions were evaluated by qRT-PCR; PDCD4, c-Jun and p-c-Jun expressions were tested using western blot. In IDD patients, the expressions of miR-21 and PDCD4 mRNA were respectively elevated and decreased (both P<0.05). The miR-21 expressions were positively correlated with Pfirrmann grades, but negatively correlated with PDCD4 mRNA (both P<0.001). In miR-21 inhibitor group, cell growth, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expressions, and p-c-Jun protein expressions were significantly lower, while PDCD4 mRNA and protein expressions were higher than the other groups (all P<0.05). These expressions in the PDCD4 siRNA and miR-21 mimics groups was inverted compared to that in the miR-21 inhibitor group (all P<0.05). MiR-21 could promote the proliferation of human degenerated NP cells by targeting PDCD4, increasing phosphorylation of c-Jun protein, and activating AP-1-dependent transcription of MMPs, indicating that miR-21 may be a crucial biomarker in the pathogenesis of IDD.

Receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 suppresses gastric tumor progression through nuclear factor‑κB pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) activity is crucial for survival and proliferation of many kinds of malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). The receptor for activated protein kinase C 1 (RACK1) is known to regulate tumor development, whereas the underlined mechanism has not been described clearly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed expression of RACK1 in paired human GC samples by both real‑time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. Effects of RACK inhibition with small interfering RNA or its overexpression in cultured GC cell lines were evaluated in cell viabilities. NF‑κB signaling was investigated using luciferase reporter assay and real‑time PCR. RESULTS: RACK1 was significantly decreased in GC samples. Knockdown of RACK elevated GC cell viabilities, whereas overexpression of RACK1 suppressed tumorigenesis of GC cells. Importantly, NF‑κB signaling was enhanced after RACK1 expression was inhibited, suggesting the negative regulation of the pro‑oncogenic NF‑κB activity by RACK1 might contribute to its tumor suppressor role in GC cells. CONCLUSION: Our results support that RACK1 suppresses gastric tumor progression through the NF‑κB signaling pathway.

Predictive significance of standardized uptake value parameters of FDG-PET in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma

18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is widely used to diagnose and stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the predictive ability of different FDG standardized uptake values (SUVs) in 74 patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC. 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed and different SUV parameters (SUVmax, SUVavg, SUVT/L, and SUVT/A) obtained, and their relationship with clinical characteristics were investigated. Meanwhile, correlation and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to determine the primary predictor of SUVs for NSCLC. Age, gender, and tumor size significantly affected SUV parameters. The mean SUVs of squamous cell carcinoma were higher than those of adenocarcinoma. Poorly differentiated tumors exhibited higher SUVs than well-differentiated ones. Further analyses based on the pathologic type revealed that the SUVmax, SUVavg, and SUVT/L of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma tumors were higher than those of moderately or well-differentiated tumors. Among these four SUV parameters, SUVT/L was the primary predictor for tumor differentiation. However, in adenocarcinoma, SUVmax was the determining factor for tumor differentiation. Our results showed that these four SUV parameters had predictive significance related to NSCLC tumor differentiation; SUVT/L appeared to be most useful overall, but SUVmax was the best index for adenocarcinoma tumor differentiation.

Role of chemokines in promoting instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism

Our aim was to investigate the role of chemokines in promoting instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and the underlying molecular mechanism. Coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) were performed in 60 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients and 60 unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients. The chemotactic activity of monocytes in the 2 groups of patients was examined in Transwell chambers. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation in normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and fractalkine in serum were examined with ELISA kits, and expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA was examined with real-time PCR. In the SAP group, 92 plaques were detected with IVUS. In the UAP group, 96 plaques were detected with IVUS. The plaques in the UAP group were mainly lipid 51.04% (49/96) and the plaques in the SAP group were mainly fibrous 52.17% (48/92). Compared with the SAP group, the plaque burden and vascular remodeling index in the UAP group were significantly greater than in the SAP group (P<0.01). Chemotactic activity and the number of mobile monocytes in the UAP group were significantly greater than in the SAP group (P<0.01). Concentrations of hs-CRP, MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine in the serum of the UAP group were significantly higher than in the serum of the SAP group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and expression of MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine mRNA was significantly higher than in the SAP group (P<0.05). MCP-1, RANTES, and fractalkine probably promote instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque.

Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups / Medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas do índice de apneia e hipopneia em diferentes faixas etárias

Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. Objective: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. Methods: A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. Results: The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). Conclusion: Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumfer- ences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group. .

Introdução: Pacientes com a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) geralmente apresentam alterações na morfologia das vias aéreas superiores e/ou na distribuição da gordura corporal, que podem ocorrer durante a vida e aumentar a gravidade da SAOS com a idade. Objetivo: Correlacionar medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas com a gravidade da SAOS em diferentes faixas etárias. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas de 102 pacientes portadores de SAOS. Os pacientes foram divididos em três faixas etárias (≥20 e <40 anos, ≥40 e <60 anos, e ≥60 anos). Foi realizada correlação de Pearson destas medidas com o índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH) na amostra completa e depois por faixa etária. Resultados: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H (distância entre o plano mandibular e o osso hioide) e PNS-P (distância entre a espinha nasal posterior e a ponta do palato mole) e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significante com o IAH tanto na amostra total quanto na faixa de <40 e ≥ 60 anos. Estas variáveis não mostraram correlação significante com as outras duas faixas etárias (≤ 40 e ≥ 60 anos). Conclusão: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H e PNS-P e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação com a gravidade da SAOS em pacientes na faixa etária de ≥40 e <60 anos. .

A morphometric study of the lumbar spinous process in the Chinese population

Our goal was to analyze the anatomical parameters of the lumbar spine spinous process for an interspinous stabilization device designed for the Chinese population and to offer an anatomical basis for its clinical application. The posterior lumbar spines (T12-S1) of 52 adult cadavers were used for measuring the following: distance between two adjacent spinous processes (DB), distance across two adjacent spinous processes (DA), thickness of the central spinous processes (TC), thickness of the superior margin of the spinous processes (TS), thickness of the inferior margin of the spinous processes (TI), and height of the spinous processes (H). Variance and correlation analyses were conducted for these data, and the data met the normal distribution and homogeneity of variance. DB decreased gradually from L1-2 to L5-S1. DA increased from T12-L1 to L2-3 and then decreased from L2-3 to L4-5. The largest H in males was noted at L3 (25.45±5.96 mm), whereas for females the largest H was noted at L4 (18.71±4.50 mm). Usually, TS of the adjacent spinous process was lower than TI. Based on the anatomical parameters of the lumbar spinous processes obtained in this study, an “H”-shaped coronal plane (posterior view) was proposed as an interspinous stabilization device for the Chinese population. This study reports morphometric data of the lumbar spinous processes in the Chinese population, which provides an anatomical basis for future clinical applications.

Mutations in the HFE gene and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Iron homeostasis dysregulation has been regarded as an important mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. The H63D and C282Y polymorphisms in the HFE gene may be involved in the development of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through the disruption of iron homeostasis. However, studies investigating the relationship between ALS and these two polymorphisms have yielded contradictory outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the roles of the H63D and C282Y polymorphisms of HFE in ALS susceptibility. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Strict selection criteria and exclusion criteria were applied. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations. A fixed- or random-effect model was selected, depending on the results of the heterogeneity test. Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis (six studies with 1692 cases and 8359 controls for C282Y; 14 studies with 5849 cases and 13,710 controls for H63D). For the C282Y polymorphism, significant associations were observed in the allele model (Y vs C: OR=0.76, 95%CI=0.62-0.92, P=0.005) and the dominant model (YY+CY vs CC: OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.61-0.92, P=0.006). No associations were found for any genetic model for the H63D polymorphism. The C282Y polymorphism in HFE could be a potential protective factor for ALS in Caucasians. However, the H63D polymorphism does not appear to be associated with ALS.

Correlation of cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea severity

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) often have associated changes in craniofacial morphology and distribution of body fat, either alone or in combination. AIM: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with OSAHS severity by using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). METHOD: A retrospective cephalometry study of 93 patients with OSAHS was conducted from July 2010 to July 2012. The following measurements were evaluated: body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), the angles formed by the cranial base and the maxilla (SNA) and the mandible (SNB), the difference between SNA and SNB (ANB), the distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone (MP-H), the space between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall (PAS), and the distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the uvula (PNS-P). Means, standard deviations, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: AHI correlated significantly with BMI (r = 0.207, p = 0.047), NC (r = 0.365, p = 0.000), WC (r = 0.337, p = 0.001), PNS-P (r = 0.282, p = 0.006), and MP-H (r = 0.235, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Anthropometric measurements (BMI, NC, and WC) and cephalometric measurements (MP-H and PNS-P) can be used as predictors of OSAHS severity...

Relatório do IX Encontro Nacional de Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia / IX National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy

A Epi-Brasil realiza várias atividades para fortalecer o movimento nacional de epilepsia. Uma delas é o Encontro Nacional de Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia, mostrado neste artigo. O evento foi realizado nos dias 18 e 19 de março de 2011 na cidade de Ipatinga, MG, contando com a participação de mais de 250 pessoas e 10 entidades. Como acontece todos os anos, o evento teve dois momentos principais: 1. Palestrantes debateram temas atuais sobre a epilepsia e 2. As associações puderam expor suas atividades, conquistas e dificuldades, reforçando a reflexão e a troca de experiências. Além disso, a Assembléia Geral da Epi-Brasil teve as seguintes resoluções: 1) tema escolhido para o próximo ano: "Queremos Políticas Públicas para a Epilepsia". 2) O X Encontro Nacional das Associações e Grupos de Pacientes em Epilepsia: realizado nos dias 16 e 17 de março de 2012, em Goiânia, sob a organização da ASPEG. 3) Fortalecer sempre o trabalho e a participação das associações na Federação, através inclusive da melhor troca de informações entre as mesmas. 4) Continuar com a cadeira no Conselho Nacional de Saúde e no Fórum Nacional de Patologias Crônicas. 5) Permanecer na luta para aprovar, com o Ministério da Saúde, a Minuta que institui um programa de epilepsia na atenção básica. Com isso, o evento foi encerrado na certeza de que estamos no caminho certo.

Epi-Brazil performed some activities as a part of national movement of epilepsy in our country. The IX National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy was held in March 18-19th, 2011, in Ipatinga, MG, with the participation of over 250 people and 10 entities. The event was performed in two principal moments: 1. A board of specialists on epilepsy discussed important themes about epilepsy and 2. The epilepsy' associations presented their activities, difficulties and successes. The major resolutions of the General Assembly were: 1) "We want public policy for Epilepsy" was chosen as the central theme of the 2011 campaign; 2) X National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy will take place in March 16-17th of 2012, in Goiania-GO. 3) Reinforcement of involvement of associations in the Epi-Brazil, especially through better exchange of information. 4) Continuity in the Conselho Nacional da Saúde and Fórum Nacional de Patologias Crônicas. 5) Staying in the discussion with the Ministry of Health to pass a Law that establishes a National Program for Epilepsy in primary care.

Detection of shellfish toxins from scallops in Guangzhou seafood market

To evaluate scallop safety in the Guangzhou seafood market, contents of shellfish toxins in adductor muscle, mantle skirts, gills and visceral mass of scallops were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mouse unit assay. The results showed that: paralytic shellfish poisoning contents were up to 37.44 µg/100 g by ELISA and 319.99 MU/100 g by mouse unit assay, which did not exceed the limits of national standards (80 µg/100g and 400 MU/100 g); the contents of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning were 142.04 µg/100g and 0.2 MU/100 g, which exceeded the national standard limits (60 µg/100g); neurotoxic shellfish poisoning was undetectable; the contents of amnesic shellfish poisoning reached 220.12 µg/100g (no limit value could be referred to) . In addition, these poisons were present mainly in visceral mass and gills rather than adductor muscle and mantle skirts, suggesting that these toxins accumulate in a tissue-specific manner.(AU)

Relatório do VIII Encontro Nacional de Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia / Report of the VIII National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy

Como parte do movimento nacional da epilepsia no Brasil, realizado pela Epi-Brasil, o VIII Encontro Nacional de Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia foi realizado nos dias 19 e 20 de março de 2010 na cidade de Campinas-SP. O evento foi iniciado com uma exposição clara sobre o que é epilepsia. Após esta exposição, foi aberto um tempo livre para os participantes compartilharem suas experiências e tirarem suas dúvidas sobre a epilepsia. No dia seguinte, as associações puderam apresentar suas conquistas e suas dificuldades no último ano de trabalho. Para finalizar, foi realizada a Assembléia Geral, que teve como resoluções: 1. Eleição da nova diretoria. 2. Tema anual escolhido para 2010: "Epilepsia sim, preconceito não". 3. Fortalecer o combate ao preconceito na epilepsia, começando pelo uso de termos mais adequados: os termos "epiléptico" e "portador" não devem ser utilizados. 4. As entidades devem, nos eventos públicos, fazer com que o Ministério Público e a Defensoria Pública fiquem cientes das ações nacionais para a epilepsia. 5. Será realizado um evento sobre epilepsia em Rondônia, em setembro de 2010, com apoio da Epi-Brasil. 6. Fortalecer cada vez mais o trabalho e a participação das associações na Federação. 5. Permanecer com a cadeira no Conselho Nacional de Saúde e no Fórum Nacional de Patologias Crônicas. 6. Aprovar, junto ao Ministério da Saúde, a Minuta que institui programa de epilepsia na atenção básica. 7. O IX Encontro Nacional das Associações e Grupos de Pacientes em Epilepsia será realizado nos dias 18 e 19 de março de 2011, na cidade de Ipatinga, MG.

As a part of national movement of epilepsy in our country, the VIII National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy was held on March 19-20th, 2010, in Campinas, SP. In the first part, a board of specialists on epilepsy answered the questions from the audience. In the second part, the epilepsy' associations presented their activities. The major resolutions of the meeting were: 1. Election of a new board of directors of Epi-Brasil; 2. "Epilepsy yes, prejudice no" was chosen as the central theme of the 2010 campaign; 3. Usage of adequate terms to refer to the patients (to not use the term "epileptic"). 4. in public events, it's recommended to invite the Ministry of Public Defense to join the national actions for epilepsy. 5. An event on epilepsy will be held in Rondônia, in September 2010, with support from Epi-Brasil. 6. Reinforcement of the EPI-Brasil associations; 5. Continuity in the Conselho Nacional da Saúde; 6. Establishment of the actions to approve Minuta of Ministry of Health; 7. The IX National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy will take place in Ipatinga-MG, during the period of March 18-19h of 2011.

Perception and attitudes towards epilepsy: point of view of professionals allied to medicine from Mobile Emergency Service in Campinas / Percepção e atitudes sobre a epilepsia: ponto de vista dos profissionais de saúde do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência em Campinas

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is very prevalent in our society, but unfortunately lack of knowledge is still very common, contributing to psycho-social difficulties to people with epilepsy. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the epilepsy' perception and attitudes by professionals of emergency medical service in Campinas, Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out with professionals of SAMU-192, who participated on the VII Stroke Workshop of Campinas in November 2007. RESULTS: One hundred-forty nine (149) professionals answered the questionnaire (49 percent women, average age of 37 years, range from 21 to 59 year). Ninety (60 percent) were professionals allied to medicine (nurses, health auxiliary, dentists), six (4 percent) were physicians and 53 (36 percent) were other professions (secretary, driver). In overall, a great majority of the subjects had an appropriate knowledge regarding epilepsy. But, some beliefs are still present. In relation to epilepsy' perception, some wrong ideas appeared, as epilepsy is a contagious disease, people with epilepsy can not practice physical exercise or to work. Also, the doubts regarding pregnancy and treatment of epilepsy were observed. Regarding attitudes during an epileptic seizure, some inadequate attitudes appeared: to put something in patient's mouth, to restrict the patients' movements or give something strong to smell (alcohol or vinegar) in order to stop the seizure. CONCLUSION: In this context, it is necessary a continuous education programs to the allied health professionals to improve the perception and attitudes, bringing epilepsy out of the shadows.

INTRODUÇÃO: Epilepsia é uma condição muito comum em nossa sociedade, mas infelizmente ainda convive com lacunas no conhecimento, contribuindo para dificuldades no ajustamento psicossocial da pessoa com epilepsia. OBJETIVO: avaliar a percepção e as atitudes dos profissionais de saúde do SAMU-192 sobre a epilepsia. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: este estudo foi realizado com profissionais que trabalham no SAMU-192 durante o VII Workshop AVC - Campinas realizado em novembro de 2007, no qual os participantes responderam a um questionário estruturado sobre epilepsia. RESULTADOS: Cento e quarenta e nove (149) pessoas responderam ao questionário (49,6 por cento do sexo feminino e idade média de 37 anos - IC=21-59 anos). Quanto às especialidades temos 90 (60,4 por cento) de profissionais de saúde em geral (enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, dentistas), seis (4,0 por cento) de médicos e 53 (35,6 por cento) de outras profissões técnicas (auxiliares de secretaria, motoristas). No geral, a maioria das pessoas tem um conhecimento adequado sobre epilepsia. Porém, algumas crenças ainda estão presentes. No que se refere à percepção, idéias erradas apareceram, como epilepsia é uma doença contagiosa, pessoas com epilepsia não podem praticar esportes ou trabalhar. Além disso, dúvidas referentes à gestação e ao tratamento da epilepsia também foram observadas. Com relação às atitudes durante uma crise epiléptica, apareceram: colocar algum objeto na boca do paciente, restringir movimentos do paciente ou dar álcool para a pessoa cheirar para poder interromper a crise. CONCLUSÃO: Neste contexto, são necessários programas de treinamento continuado para profissionais da área da saúde para melhorar a percepção e as atitudes perante esta condição, tirando assim a epilepsia das sombras.

Relatório do VII Encontro Nacional de Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia / Report of VII National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy

Como parte do movimento nacional da epilepsia em nosso país, o VII Encontro Nacional de Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia foi realizado nos dias 27 e 28 de março de 2009 na cidade de João Pessoa-PB. O evento iniciou-se com um curso de capacitação da ASPE sobre epilepsia para os profissionais de saúde. Nas palestras proferidas, os temas enfatizaram aspectos clínicos e psicossociais da epilepsia, promovendo uma rica participação do público presente. Para as entidades que trabalham na área foram discutidas as maneiras pelas quais podemos melhorar o atendimento médico e psicossocial às pessoas com epilepsia, enfatizando articulação da rede de atenção básica, capacitação das equipes de saúde, criação de um centro cirúrgico credenciado pelo SUS em João Pessoa para atender todo o Nordeste. Para finalizar o evento, foi realizada a Assembleia Geral da EPI-Brasil, com a intenção de discutir e fortalecer o movimento de epilepsia em nosso país para que continuemos a luta para tirar a epilepsia das sombras. As resoluções da Assembleia foram: 1. Troca dos cargos dos membros da diretoria da Epi-Brasil, como acordado em 2008. 2. Tema anual escolhido para 2009: "Políticas Públicas". 3. Fortalecer o combate ao preconceito na epilepsia, começando pelo uso de termos mais adequados para o paciente. Dessa maneira, os termos "epiléptico" e "portador" não devem ser utilizados e sim, termos adequados como pessoa com epilepsia ou paciente com epilepsia. 4. Fortalecer cada vez mais o trabalho e a participação das associações na Federação. 5. Permanecer com a cadeira no Conselho Nacional de Saúde e no Fórum Nacional de Patologias Crônicas. 6. Aprovar, junto ao Ministério da Saúde, a Minuta que institui programa de epilepsia na atenção básica. 7. VIII Encontro Nacional das Associações e Grupos de Pacientes em Epilepsia será realizado nos dias 19 e 20 de março de 2010, na cidade de Campinas.

As a part of national movement of epilepsy in our country, the VII National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy was held on March 27th-28th, 2009, in João Pessoa-PB. A training course on epilepsy, offered by ASPE, and lectures regarding medical and psychosocial aspects were ministered. For the epilepsy' associations, the themes emphasized networking on primary care, training courses for the healthy professionals and the creation of a surgical center for epilepsy in João Pessoa. To conclude the event, a Epi-Brasil meeting was held to reinforce the national movement. The major resolutions were: 1. change of board of directors of Epi-Brasil; 2. "Public Policy for epilepsy" was chosen as the central theme of the 2009 campaign; 3. Usage of adequate terms in reference to people or patients with epilepsy, the "epileptic" should not be used. 4. Reinforcement of the EPI-Brasil associations; 5. Continuity in the Conselho Nacional da Saúde; 6. Establishment of the actions to approve Minuta of Ministry of Health that sets a epilepsy program for primary care; 7. The VIII National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy will take place in Campinas-SP, during the period of March 19-20th of 2010.

Three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the bovine LHX3 gene.

The LHX3 gene encodes LIM homeodomain class transcription factors that have important roles to play in pituitary and nervous system development.On the one hand,mutations of LHX3 are associated with deficiencies of growth hormone (GH),prolactin (PRL),luteotrophic hormone (LH),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)and thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH);on the other hand,mutations of LHX3 are also associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) diseases in human and animal models.To date,few polymorphisms of the bovine LHX3 gene have been reported.In this study,polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP)and DNA sequencing methods were employed to screen the genetic variations within the bovine LHX3 gene in 802 Chinese indigenous cattle.The results revealed three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): AY923832: g.7553G >A, 7631C>T and 7668C>G.Among them,a synonymous mutation of exon II was identified: GAG ((Glu)> GAA (Glu) at position 72 aa (AY923832:g.7553G>A) of LHX3 ((403aa) in the four Chinese bovine breeds.Significant statistical differences in genotypic frequencies for exon II and its flanking region of the LHX3 gene implied that the polymorphic locus was significantly associated with cattle breeds by the X2-test (X2=68.975,df=6, P <0.001).Hence,the three novel SNPs not only extend the spectrum of genetic variations of the bovine LHX3 gene, but could also possibly contribute to conducting association analysis and evaluating these as genetic markers in bovine breeding and genetics,and CPHD detection.

VI Semana Nacional de Conscientização da Epilepsia em Campinas / VI National Week of Epilepsy Awareness in Campinas

Apesar da epilepsia ser a condição neurológica grave mais comum existente no mundo, crenças e comportamentos inadequados ainda persistem. Para mudar esta perspectiva, o Projeto Demonstrativo da Campanha Global "Epilepsia fora das sombras" permitiu o engajamento das associações de epilepsia em nosso país, fortalecendo o Movimento Nacional de Epilepsia. Uma das atividades deste movimento é a realização da Semana Nacional de Conscientização de Epilepsia, que acontece todos os anos na semana do dia 09 de setembro, com o objetivo de conscientizar a sociedade sobre a epilepsia. A ASPE realiza esta Semana desde 2003 e os resultados trazem importante fortalecimento ao movimento nacional para tirar a epilepsia das sombras e melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas com epilepsia e suas famílias.

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition; however, it is still very frequent to observe myths and inadequate behaviors regarding epilepsy in our society. The National Demonstration Project "Epilepsy out of the shadows" brought important changes in our society through a national movement of epilepsy carried out by lay associations. The National Week of Epilepsy, on the September 9th is one the major national movements with purpose to promote epilepsy awareness within our society about epilepsy. ASPE, a non-governmental organization, participates actively in the movement since its origin in 2003. We believe that the results contribute to reinforce the national movement to bring epilepsy out of the shadows, diminishing the associated stigma and improving the quality of life of people with epilepsy and their families.

Stigma scale of epilepsy: the perception of epilepsy stigma in different cities in Brazil / Percepção do estigma na epilepsia em diferentes cidades do Brasil

PURPOSE: To assess the perception of epilepsy stigma in different regions of Brazil. METHOD: The Stigma Scale of Epilepsy (SSE) questionnaire was applied to people in different Brazilian urban settings. The survey was performed on individual basis; an interviewer read the questions to the subjects and wrote down the answers. The same procedure was applied to all the subjects and took around 10 minutes. RESULTS: 266 questionnaires were completed in four different towns of Brazil (Curitiba=83; São Paulo=47; Vila Velha=79; Ipatinga=57). The overall stigma score was 49.7 (median). Different scores were obtained in each locality. Vila Velha=42; Curitiba=49; São Paulo=52; Ipatinga=54 (ANOVA [2.262]=3.82; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: This study showed differences in the perception of stigma, which may depend on cultural and regional aspects. The concept of stigma has cultural perspectives, depending on the region and the context where each person lives. The understanding of this aspect of epilepsy is important to promote better de-stigmatization campaigns, considering the cultural and social differences.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a percepção do estigma na epilepsia em diferentes regiões do Brasil. MÉTODO: A Escala de Estigma na Epilepsia foi aplicada em 266 pessoas de quatro diferentes cidades do Brasil (Curitiba, São Paulo, Vila Velha e Ipatinga). Em todas as situações, as pessoas foram entrevistadas individualmente, sendo que as questões eram lidas para os sujeitos. As condições de aplicação foram as mesmas nas cidades e a aplicação durou aproximadamente 10 minutos. RESULTADOS: Foram aplicados 266 questionários em três diferentes cidades do Brasil (Curitiba=83; São Paulo=47; Vila Velha=79; Ipatinga=57). A média do escore geral da EEE foi 49,7. Na avaliação das quatro cidades separadamente, houve diferença significativa entre elas: Vila Velha=42; Curitiba=49; São Paulo=52 e Ipatinga=54 (ANOVA [2,262]=3,82; p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou diferenças na percepção do estigma, de acordo com as diferenças culturais e regionais. Neste contexto, podemos falar de uma perspectiva cultural para o conceito de estigma, sendo influenciado pela região e pelo contexto no qual a pessoa está inserida. O entendimento deste processo do estigma é importante para se propor campanhas efetivas de intervenção no estigma da epilepsia, considerando as diferenças sociais e culturais.

Relatório do VI Encontro Nacional de Associações Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia / Report of the VI National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy

O VI Encontro Nacional de Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia realizado nos dias 28 e 29 de março de 2008, sob a organização da APEDF e realização da EPI Brasil congregou 200 pessoas e as Associações de Epilepsia do nosso país. Na primeira parte do Encontro, foram proferidas palestras sobre o tema "epilepsia" sob diferentes enfoques, como aspectos gerais, aspectos cirúrgicos, tratamento, questões trabalhistas, estigma, trabalho em grupo, entre outros. Na segunda parte do Encontro, foi realizada a Assembléia Geral da EPI-Brasil, iniciando-se com a exposição das atividades das associações durante o ano. Após uma rica e intensa troca de experiências, foram feitas as resoluções para o próximo ano de trabalho, reforçando sempre a necessidade de uma ação ampla e mantida: 1. eleição da nova diretoria da EPI-Brasil; 2. Tema anual escolhido para 2008: "Epilepsia e Dignidade"; 3. Fortalecimento das associações na Federação; 4. Estabelecimento de novas parcerias; 5. Permanência no Conselho Nacional de Saúde; 6. Busca de ações específicas voltadas para aprovação da Minuta do Ministério da Saúde; 7. O VII Encontro Nacional das Associações e Grupos de Pacientes com Epilepsia será realizado nos dias 27 e 28 de março de 2009, na cidade de João Pessoa-PB.

The VI National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy was held on March 28th-29th, 2008 under the auspice of APEDF and EPI-Brasil. In the first part, there were lectures on epilepsy, emphasizing general aspects, surgical treatment, stigma, employment. In the second part, EPI-Brasil presented the progress report. After this, there was an election of a new board of directors of EPI-Brasil. Major resolutions were choosen for the coming year; 1. "Epilepsy and Dignity" was chosen as the central theme of the 2008 campaign; 2. Reinforcement of the EPI-Brasil associations; 3. Establishment of new partnership; 4. Continuity in the Conselho Nacional da Saúde; 5. Establishment of the actions to approve Minuta of Ministry of Health; 6. The VII National Meeting of Associations and Support Group of People with Epilepsy will take place in the city of João Pessoa-PB, during the period of March 27-28th of 2009.